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Research Article
Online Published: 25 Oct 2024
 


ASSESSMENT OF THE SAFETY AND QUALITY OF STREET-VENDED HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA (ZOBO) DRINKS IN BIRNIN KEBBI

Yusuf A.b., Adamu S., Adetunji O.k., Musa F., Shehu F., Sahabi M.a..


Abstract
Street-vended Hibiscus sabdariffa (Zobo) drinks are a beloved beverage in Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria, but their safety and quality are compromised due to informal production and sale. This study evaluated the safety and quality of Zobo drinks from ten vending zones, analyzing microbial load, heavy metal contamination, micronutrient content, and pH levels. The results revealed significant bacterial contamination, including E. coli, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus, in 80% of the samples, indicating poor handling and storage practices. Chemical analysis detected high levels of lead and cadmium in 20% of the samples, exceeding WHO limits. The study highlights the risk of consuming street-vended Zobo drinks due to bacterial contamination and chemical adulteration. Improved vendor training, regular monitoring, and enforcement of food safety regulations are necessary to ensure the safety and quality of Zobo drinks. Public awareness campaigns are also crucial to educate consumers about the potential health risks associated with consuming street-vended Zobo drinks. This study emphasizes the need for urgent attention to address the safety and quality concerns of street-vended Zobo drinks in Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria.

Key words: Hibiscus sabdariffa, Zobo, street-vended drinks, food safety, microbiological analysis, chemical analysis.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

A.b. Y, S. A, O.k. A, F. M, F. S, M.a. S. ASSESSMENT OF THE SAFETY AND QUALITY OF STREET-VENDED HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA (ZOBO) DRINKS IN BIRNIN KEBBI. JIRLS. 2024; 6(2): 58-68.

Web Style

A.b. Y, S. A, O.k. A, F. M, F. S, M.a. S. ASSESSMENT OF THE SAFETY AND QUALITY OF STREET-VENDED HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA (ZOBO) DRINKS IN BIRNIN KEBBI. https://www.jirlsonline.com/?mno=226157 [Access: June 27, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

A.b. Y, S. A, O.k. A, F. M, F. S, M.a. S. ASSESSMENT OF THE SAFETY AND QUALITY OF STREET-VENDED HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA (ZOBO) DRINKS IN BIRNIN KEBBI. JIRLS. 2024; 6(2): 58-68.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

A.b. Y, S. A, O.k. A, F. M, F. S, M.a. S. ASSESSMENT OF THE SAFETY AND QUALITY OF STREET-VENDED HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA (ZOBO) DRINKS IN BIRNIN KEBBI. JIRLS. (2024), [cited June 27, 2026]; 6(2): 58-68.


Harvard Style

A.b., Y., S., . A., O.k., . A., F., . M., F., . S. & M.a., . S. (2024) ASSESSMENT OF THE SAFETY AND QUALITY OF STREET-VENDED HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA (ZOBO) DRINKS IN BIRNIN KEBBI. JIRLS, 6 (2), 58-68.


Turabian Style

A.b., Yusuf, Adamu S., Adetunji O.k., Musa F., Shehu F., and Sahabi M.a.. 2024. ASSESSMENT OF THE SAFETY AND QUALITY OF STREET-VENDED HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA (ZOBO) DRINKS IN BIRNIN KEBBI. Journal of Innovative Research in Life Sciences, 6 (2), 58-68.


Chicago Style

A.b., Yusuf, Adamu S., Adetunji O.k., Musa F., Shehu F., and Sahabi M.a.. "ASSESSMENT OF THE SAFETY AND QUALITY OF STREET-VENDED HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA (ZOBO) DRINKS IN BIRNIN KEBBI." Journal of Innovative Research in Life Sciences 6 (2024), 58-68.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

A.b., Yusuf, Adamu S., Adetunji O.k., Musa F., Shehu F., and Sahabi M.a.. "ASSESSMENT OF THE SAFETY AND QUALITY OF STREET-VENDED HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA (ZOBO) DRINKS IN BIRNIN KEBBI." Journal of Innovative Research in Life Sciences 6.2 (2024), 58-68. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

A.b., Y., S., . A., O.k., . A., F., . M., F., . S. & M.a., . S. (2024) ASSESSMENT OF THE SAFETY AND QUALITY OF STREET-VENDED HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA (ZOBO) DRINKS IN BIRNIN KEBBI. Journal of Innovative Research in Life Sciences, 6 (2), 58-68.


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